“Boltzmann equation”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-物理辞典

单词	Boltzmann equation
释义	Boltzmann equation An equation used in the study of a collection of particles in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, particularly their transport properties. The Boltzmann equation describes a quantity called the distribution function , f, which gives a mathematical description of the state and how it is changing. The distribution function depends on a position vector r, a velocity vector v, and the time t; it thus provides a statistical statement about the positions and velocities of the particles at any time. In the case of one species of particle being present, Boltzmann's equation can be written: ∂f/∂t + a.(∂f/∂v) + v.(∂f/∂r) =; (∂f/∂t)_coll ,where a is the acceleration of bodies between collisions and (∂f/∂t)_coll, is the rate of change of f(r,v,t) due to collisions. The Boltzmann equation can be used to calculate transport coefficients, such as conductivity. The Boltzmann equation was proposed by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872
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