单词	steel
释义	steel Any of a number of alloys consisting predominantly of iron with varying proportions of carbon (up to 1.7%) and, in some cases, small quantities of other elements (alloy steels ), such as manganese, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel. Steels containing over 11–12% of chromium are known as stainless steels. Carbon steels exist in three stable crystalline phases: ferrite has a body-centred cubic crystal, austenite has a face-centred cubic crystal, and cementite has an orthorhombic crystal. Pearlite is a mixture of ferrite and cementite arranged in parallel plates. The phase diagram shows how the phases form at different temperatures and compositions. Steels are made by the basic-oxygen process (L–D process), which has largely replaced the Bessemer process and the open-hearth process, or in electrical furnaces. Phase diagram for steel
随便看	ultraviolet radiation umbra uncertainty principle underdamped uniaxial crystal unified-field theory union unit unit cell unit magnetic pole unit vector unitary transformation universal constant universal motor universality universe unstable equilibrium upper atmosphere upthrust uranium uranium series uranium-lead dating URL UV vacancy

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