| 单词 | fluctuation-dissipation theorem |
| 释义 | fluctuation-dissipation theorem A theory relating quantities in equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and microscopic and macroscopic quantities. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem was first derived for electrical circuits with noise in 1928 by H. Nyquist; a general theorem in statistical mechanics was derived by H. B. Callen and T. A. Welton in 1951. The underlying principle of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is that a nonequilibrium state may have been reached either as a result of a random fluctuation or an external force (such as an electric or magnetic field) and that the evolution towards equilibrium is the same in both cases (for a sufficiently small fluctuation). The fluctuation-dissipation theorem enables transport coefficients to be calculated in terms of response to external fields |
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