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单词 cosmology
释义 cosmology
The study of the nature, origin, and evolution of the universe. Various theories concerning the origin and evolution of the universe exist. See Chronology. See big-bang theory; early universe; steady-state theory.
COSMOLOGY
260 BCGreek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos (c.320–230 BC) proposes a sun-centred universe.
c.150 ADGreek-Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy (2nd century AD) proposes an earth-centred universe.
1543Copernicus publishes his sun-centred theory of the universe (solar system).
1576English mathematician Thomas Digges (c.1546–95) proposes that the universe is infinite (because stars are at varying distances).
1584Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno (1548–1600) states that the universe is infinite.
1633Galileo champions Copernicus's sun-centred universe, but is forced by the Roman Catholic Inquisition to recant.
1854Helmholtz predicts the heat death of the universe, based on thermo-dynamics.
1917Einstein proposes a static universe theory.
1922Russian astronomer Alexander Friedmann proposes the expanding universe theory.
1927George Lemaître proposes the big-bang theory of the universe.
1929Edwin Hubble demonstrates the expansion of the universe.
1948US physicists George Gamow (1904–68), Ralph Alpher (1921– ), and Hans Bethe (1906– ) develop the big-bang theory, and the α-ß-γ theory of the origin of the elements; Alpher also predicts that the big bang would have produced a microwave background. British astronomers Herman Bondi (1919– ), Thomas Gold (1920– ), and Fred Hoyle propose the steady-state theory of the universe.
1965US astrophysicists Arno Penzias (1933– ) and Robert Wilson (1936– ) discover the microwave background radiation.
1980US physicist Allan Guth (1947– ) proposes the inflationary theory of the universe.
1992US COBE astronomical satellite detects ripples in residual cosmic radiation (cited as evidence of the big bang).
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更新时间:2025/6/23 20:10:35