“van der Waals' force”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-物理辞典

单词	van der Waals' force
释义	van der Waals' force An attractive force between atoms or molecules, named after J. D. van der Waals (1837–1923). The force accounts for the term a/V² in the van der Waals equation (see equation of state). These forces are much weaker than those arising from valence bonds and are inversely proportional to the seventh power of the distance between the atoms or molecules. They are the forces responsible for nonideal behaviour of gases and for the lattice energy of molecular crystals. There are three factors causing such forces: (1) dipole-dipole interaction, i.e. electrostatic attractions between two molecules with permanent dipole moments; (2) dipole-induced dipole interactions, in which the dipole of one molecule polarizes a neighbouring molecule; (3) dispersion forces arising because of small instantaneous dipoles in atoms.
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