| 单词 | nuclear weapons |
| 释义 | nuclear weapons Weapons in which an explosion is caused by nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or a combination of both. In the fission bomb (atomic bomb or A-bomb ) two subcritical masses (see critical mass) of a fissile material (uranium–235 or plutonium–239) are brought together by a chemical explosion to produce one supercritical mass. The resulting nuclear explosion is typically in the kiloton range with temperatures of the order 108 K being reached. The fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon , hydrogen bomb , or H-bomb ) relies on a nuclear-fusion reaction, which becomes self-sustaining at a critical temperature of about 35 × 106 K. Hydrogen bombs consist of either two-phase fission-fusion devices in which an inner fission bomb is surrounded by a hydrogenous material, such as heavy hydrogen (deuterium) or lithium deuteride, or a three-phase fission-fusion-fission device, which is even more powerful. The megaton explosion produced by such a thermonuclear reaction has not yet been used in war. A special type of fission-fusion bomb is called a neutron bomb , in which most of the energy is released as high-energy neutrons. This neutron radiation destroys people but provides less of the shock waves and blast that destroy buildings |
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