| 单词 | ionizing radiation |
| 释义 | ionizing radiation Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization (see secondary emission). In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species: 2H2O → e- + H2O + H2O+ H2O→ .OH + .H H2O+ + H2O → .OH + H3O+ where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and an denotes an excited species |
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