“gauge theory”的概念、定义、习题解题方法及翻译-物理辞典

单词	gauge theory
释义	gauge theory Any of a number of quantum field theories put forward to explain fundamental interactions. A gauge theory involves a symmetry group (see group theory) for the fields and potentials (the gauge group ). In the case of electrodynamics, the group is Abelian whereas the gauge theories for strong and weak interactions use non-Abelian groups. Non-Abelian gauge theories are known as Yang-Mills theories . This difference explains why quantum electrodynamics is a much simpler theory than quantum chromodynamics, which describes the strong interactions, and electroweak theory, which is the unified theory of the weak and electromagnetic interactions. In the case of quantum gravity, the gauge group is even more complicated than the gauge groups for either the strong or weak interactions. In gauge theories the interactions between particles can be explained by the exchange of particles (intermediate vector bosons, or gauge bosons), such as gluons, photons, and W and Z bosons
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