| 单词 | fluctuations |
| 释义 | fluctuations Random deviations in the value of a quantity about some average value. In all systems described by quantum mechanics fluctuations, called quantum fluctuations , occur - even at the absolute zero of thermodynamic temperature as a result, ultimately, of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. In any system above absolute zero, fluctuations, called thermal fluctuations , occur. It is necessary to take fluctuations into account to obtain a quantitative theory of phase transitions in three dimensions. The formation of structure in the early universe can be regarded as a result of quantum fluctuations |
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